Barriers to women's political participation

1.Limited access to financial networks and political patronage:

Politics, especially at higher levels, is heavily reliant on networks and support systems. Historically, men have had greater access to political networks, mentoring, and financial support. These networks not only provide critical resources but also help foster relationships that lead to nominations, endorsements, and campaign funding.

2.Political parties resistance to including women as candidate:

Political systems themselves often present structural barriers to women's leadership. In many countries, electoral systems favor incumbents and established political actors, who are overwhelmingly male.

3.Online threats of death and physical violence:

The rise of online spaces has also contributed to the targeting of female politicians through social media harassment, which can be relentless and personal. Many women, especially younger candidates, are deterred by the toxicity and violence they face, causing them to leave or avoid politics altogether.

4.Cultural and Societal Barriers:

One of the most significant obstacles to women’s political leadership is entrenched cultural and societal norms that define leadership as a male domain. In many societies, traditional gender roles expect women to focus on family and caregiving, while men are viewed as natural leaders in the public sphere. 

5.The Gender Bias in Politics:

Bias, both implicit and explicit, continues to shape political environments. Women in politics are often held to different standards than their male counterparts, facing scrutiny not only for their policies but also for their appearance, tone, and behavior. Female politicians are frequently subjected to criticism that male politicians rarely encounter.

6.Lack of Representation and Role Models:

Role models play a critical role in inspiring and encouraging future generations, and the absence of women at the top makes it harder to foster the next wave of female leaders.